Cannabidiol (CBD) has skyrocketed in popularity worldwide in only a few years. There is a staggering amount of business surrounding the usage of cannabidiol (CBD) in products, including beverages, food, cosmetics, and both over-the-counter supplements and prescription medications. The rate at which the general public consumes or comes into contact with this chemical has gradually increased, with a global market estimated at $4.6 billion in 2018 and expected CBD sales to top $20 billion in the U.S. alone by 2024.
The first thing to know about Cannabidiol (CBD) is that it is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, which means it doesn't make people high. It is also an effective FDA-approved prescription drug for treating epilepsy and has great potential to cure many other disorders. And it is a natural dietary supplement, or "nutraceutical," with vast following and countless evangelists in the health and wellness industry. Its widespread medical benefits led to the idea that the substance was miraculous; however, research indicates that it is safe and may have vital medical applications, including treating conditions as diverse as depression, arthritis, and diabetes.
Emergence of CBD Wave:
Few people anticipated the recent tidal wave effect that cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid with possible therapeutic benefits, would have on all spheres of society. A decade ago, CBD was essentially unknown to the majority of people. Today, CBD is a widely used general lexicon, and many health and wellness businesses are riding the CBD wave.
Weed, a 2013 CNN documentary, is where CBD first gained widespread public attention. The story, which Dr. Sanjay Gupta reported, focused on a little child named Charlotte from Colorado who had the rare and potentially fatal epileptic condition known as Dravet syndrome.
Charlotte was frequently on the verge of a medical emergency at age five due to her frequent, severe seizures that occurred once a week. Charlotte's desperate parents discovered using CBD to treat Dravet through online research. For such a young girl, using medical marijuana was debatable. Still, when they gave her oil made from high-CBD content cannabis, her seizures almost entirely stopped. After word of Charlotte's story spread, hundreds of families moved to Colorado to get CBD for their kids. Cannabis strains high in CBD are frequently referred to as Charlotte's Web in recognition of her advancement.
CBD Source; Marijuana, Cannabis, or Hemp?
Today, hemp, cannabis, and marijuana are frequently used interchangeably, which may be confusing. Technically speaking, "cannabis" refers to the entire genus of flowering plants that are members of the Cannabaceae family, which has roughly 170 plant species. Most of the time, three species of cannabis—Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis—make up the genus.
Without going into the details of taxonomy, the main point is that hemp and marijuana plants fall under the umbrella term "cannabis," which is far more inclusive. Hemp and marijuana have different chemistry and properties, even though they are both members of the same family (and occasionally species).
One of the most adaptable plants on the planet is hemp, a particular variety of cannabis known technically as Cannabis Sativa. For instance, the stalk of a hemp plant could be utilized to create biofuels or textiles. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive phytocannabinoid that gives marijuana its characteristic high, is found in trace amounts in hemp plants. However, Cannabidiol, a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid, is present in significant concentrations.
Marijuana is a buzz-worthy cousin of hemp. When ingested, the high THC levels in marijuana plants make people feel high. Marijuana is available in a variety of forms. The flower of the marijuana plant, which has been dried and preserved, is one of the most often used products. But like hemp, marijuana is frequently submitted to extraction to produce concentrated extracts that can be either marketed on their own or used as a component in other goods like topicals, edibles, and other products. Despite their variances, both varieties of plants are still considered to be cannabis in the end.
Types of CBD
Companies that make CBD products, extract CBD from the cannabis plant using various processes. These include:
- Steam distillation
- Carbon dioxide extraction
- Solvent extraction
- Lipid extraction
The composition of the CBD extract may vary depending on the cannabis plant's strain, classification, and extraction method. The various essays result in a variety of CBD types. There are three varieties of CBD, each with a unique combination of ingredients and concentrations:
- Full-spectrum CBD: Manufacturers refer to the resulting raw and pure CBD oil as the full spectrum after extraction of the cannabis plant. A full-spectrum CBD product comprises a variety of cannabis plant extracts, such as terpenes, essential oils, and other cannabinoids, including cannabinol, which may also contain trace amounts of THC. The presence of THC in full-spectrum products should not be ignored, although they always have less than 0.3 percent THC.
- Broad-spectrum CBD: Various substances and cannabinoids from the cannabis plant are present in broad-spectrum CBD products; cannabichromene, cannabinol, and terpenes like myrcene, limonene, or pinene are some of them. The only distinction between full-spectrum and broad-spectrum CBD is no THC is present in broad-spectrum CBD; trace amounts will, nevertheless, be present in some products.
- CBD isolate: The extract product must undergo a cooling and purification procedure to produce a CBD isolate product. A crystalline isolate is produced after additional processing, and it is frequently ground and marketed as a powder. CBD crystals are another name for this product. There are no other compounds from the cannabis plant in this CBD product. It is typically derived from hemp plants with relatively low levels of THC.
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Which Type of CBD is Best?
According to some studies, the cannabinoids (such as CBD and THC) and other chemical components, such as terpenes and flavonoids, found in the cannabis plant work better when consumed together. This results from "the entourage effect," which is the interaction between various compounds. The entourage effect increases the possibility that the product will have positive health effects. Furthermore, it undergoes minimal processing, making it the most natural form of CBD.
Both Full-spectrum and Broad-spectrum CBD products include all of the cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant, including only trace amounts of THC in the former case. Choose a full-spectrum or broad-spectrum CBD product if you want to benefit from the entourage effect fully and don't mind ingesting a small amount of THC. Large doses may have euphoric effects, but this is unlikely. This does not necessarily make CBD isolate a less effective product. Some individuals may wish to avoid any possibility of being intoxicated by THC, or they may be hypersensitive to this compound.
In addition, taking high quantities of CBD is advised for some health benefits; in these circumstances, people may prefer to take CBD isolate because high doses of other chemicals, particularly THC, can have unforeseen consequences. The purest form of CBD is an isolate. CBD Isolate might be the right option for first-time CBD users who want to test out its potential health advantages without being distracted by other cannabis chemicals that can change the effects. Additionally purified, CBD isolate has no detectable taste or odor.
Legal and Regulatory Insight of CBD:
- The 2018 Farm Bill: The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) in the USA no longer includes hemp in the definition of marijuana. This made some CBD products derived from hemp legal. The THC content determines the legal difference between hemp and marijuana in the US. Cannabis sativa L. plants classified as hemp typically have a THC content of 0.3% or less. According to the U.S. Controlled Substances Act (CSA), plants with more than 0.3% THC are deemed marijuana and are still banned. “The Species Problem in Cannabis: Science & Semantics,” a book published in 1979, was the first to suggest this 0.3% restriction.
- The FDA and CBD: The FDA recognizes the tremendous interest in developing medicines and other consumer items derived from cannabis and its components, including cannabidiol, and the potential prospects that cannabis or cannabis-derived compounds may offer (CBD). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Epidiolex (cannabidiol) [CBD] oral solution in late June 2018 for the treatment of seizures brought on by Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, two severe and uncommon forms of epilepsy in patients two years of age and older. This is the first pharmaceutical product with a refined marijuana-derived therapeutic ingredient that has received FDA approval. Additionally, it is the first medicine approved by the FDA to treat Dravet syndrome patients.
Mechanism of Action:
The mechanism of CBD's impact on cannabinoid receptors is at least well recognized. The cannabinoid receptor CB1 in the brain, which THC also targets, is a receptor that CBD can bind to. However, unlike THC, CBD inhibits rather than promotes CB1 signaling, which prevents it from having the same euphoric effects as its cannabinoid cousin.
However, CBD has many hats. It appears to work by attaching to a protein called GPR55, which otherwise encourages neuron hyper-activation and causes seizures. Additionally, CBD affects receptors involved in inflammation and pain transmission, as well as at least one receptor for the neurotransmitter serotonin, called 5-HT1A.
CBD's physiological effect on the brain is comparable to that of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications used to treat clinical depression. The regulation of 5-HT1A by CBD, discovered in later studies, can lessen neuropathic pain.
Health Miracles of CBD:
CBD has been shown to possess several health benefits and therapeutic activity. CBD has been reported to improve motor activity, affect depression, exhibit anti-tumorigenic activity, and anti-inflammatory effects through reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, ameliorate lipid and glycemic parameters in Type 2 Diabetes, and reduce markers of inflammation in pancreas microcirculation in Type 1 Diabetes.
A gripping human study showed that a single high dose of CBD decreased neuronal activity in the brain's limbic and Para-limbic areas, leading investigators to conclude that CBD has anxiolytic effects. These results were per a study reporting that a similar high dose of CBD was optimally effective in inducing anxiolytic effects in a simulated public speaking test.
Finally, several studies have reported that CBD can reduce the anxiety and psychosis-like effects seen after THC administration and attenuate the emotional and reward-processing impairments associated with a single high dose of THC.
Must Read: 05 Scientifically Proven Benefits Of CBD Oil in Mental Health
Ways to Take CBD:
Additionally, CBD is offered in various dosage forms, such as sublingual, edible, topical, liquid for vaping, mist sprays, and more. The product options for various CBD forms and types are listed below.
- Oils and tinctures: These are CBD-infused liquids, such as oils and tinctures, that are consumed orally but are best utilized sublingually for an immediate effect or blended into foods like coffee, salads, juices, and other beverages. On the package of these products, manufacturers include usage instructions. (see Ancient Therapy CBD Oil Types)
- Edibles: Products ingested orally, such as gummies, pills, and softgels, are discrete and simple to administer. People consume edible CBD products by chewing or swallowing them. Still, they take a little longer to kick in and can be challenging for some populations, such as the elderly or young children, to consume. How many edibles to consume is specified on the product packaging by the manufacturers.
- Topicals: Oils, creams, lotions, and ointments that are topically applied to the skin are used to treat skin disorders like acne and provide immediate pain relief for a specific, localized area of the body. People can apply transdermal patches, some types of topical CBD products, to their skin.
- Vape Juices: These flavored liquids with CBD are made to be inhaled using vaporizers, so they have a quick onset of action, but there may be specific health hazards. Vaping products should be avoided, advise the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). If you decide to use a vape product, keep a close eye on yourself. If you experience symptoms like coughing, wheezing, chest pain, or nausea, consult your doctor right away.
What Dosage of CBD is Recommended?
The constituents, concentration, and dose are specified on CBD product labels. However, it is best, to begin with, low doses and gradually increase them. The dosage that individuals can take may vary depending on many factors. Depending on the medical condition or reason for using CBD, a person will require a different dosage. While people need high dosages to control their epilepsy, lesser doses may work better for anxiety.
Before using CBD, consumers should also take into account their weight. Doctors calculate a dose per kilogram of body weight during numerous clinical trials. Therefore, those who weigh less should use smaller quantities than those who weigh more. In a study involving humans, researchers discovered that doses up to 1,500 mg daily were well tolerated. Unlike cannabis, CBD does not get users "high" and does not have the abuse potential. However, because there are no clear standards for CBD dosage in the CBD sector, it is also a good idea to speak with a medical specialist who has experience with cannabis. They can offer guidance on the dosing and safety of CBD products.
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